Para. 1
The Etruscans had a written language, which the Romans later used in their technique form
Greek gods and goddesses
Latin's were the first to live in the area
Tiber river located on the shore of the Tiber rive, middle of the peninsula
Tarquin the Proud - he was a control freak and people got angry and overthrew him, last king they ever had
Republic government was formed
Draining the swamp, created Rome
Para. 3
Latifunda is a huge estate or villa, farmers could not work their land so it was sold to the wealthy
Farmers then produced wine and oil for exportation
The rich then used slaves to tend to the land, they were much cheaper
Gracchus Brothers: Tiberius and Gaius
Plebian nobles, served as tribunes elected officials
Attempted to pass a land reform that would redistribute huge pieces of patrician land among the plebeians
Considered founding fathers of socialism and populism
Both were assassinated for their attempts
Para. 4
Julius Caesar was bon on July 12 100 BC
Played a critical role in the change of Rome from a republic to an empire
Led roman victory against Gaul
Became a dictator for ten years
Sulla tried to kill Caesar, and Caesar bribed him to spare his life
First Triumvirate
Crassus and Pompey led a political alliance with Caesar, and they dominated Roman politics for several years
They had no official status
Rubicon
Shallow river in northeastern Italy
When Caesar crossed the river, it was considered war
Gallic Wars
Series of military campaigns lead by Julius Caesar
Fought against Gaul and won
"Dictator in perpetuity" - dictator for life
Marcus Junius Brutus assassinated Caesar
Para. 5
Murder of Julius Caesar
He was dictator of Rome
Killed by a group of senators, including Marcus Brutus
Killed on the Ides of March, in the theater of Pompey
The Senate was afraid he was getting too powerful
Para. 6
Second Triumvirate
Octavius was born into and equestrian family
Father was first one to become a Senator in the family, but died when Octavius was 4
He died at Nola right before his 76th birthday
Lepidus
Roman patrician who became a member of the Second Triumvirate
Cleopatra
Last pharaoh of Egypt
Represented herself as an ancient goddesses
Committed suicide
Mark Antony and her got together
Octavius, Antony, and Lepidus formed a three man government, called the Second Triumvirate
Cleopatra tried to take over Octavius's power, but he remained in power and changed his name to Augustus and lived on
Para. 7
Pax Romana
Latin for roman peace, period of peace and small expansion
Roman roads
Allowed romans to move armies and goods, and to communicate
The Roman road system was more than 400,000 km or roads
Roman Gladiators
Ancient people thought they were sacrificial games while they're actually a fight ot the death
Circus Maximus
Largest roam gladiator coliseum in Rome
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